John lynch



(No Model.)

J. LYNCH. TILES, ARCHITECTURAL TERRA COTTA WORK AND POTTERY ARTICLES. No. 271,088. Patented Jan.23,1883.

WITNESSES 2/ CQ Oji-AQTZJVTOR lflttorncy 1 N. PETERS Fhalo-Lillwgmpher. Wasllinglum D. c.

UNITED STATES PATENT O FICE.

JOHN LYNCH, OF PORTLAND, MAINE.

TILE, ARCHITECTURAL TERRA-GOTTA WORK, AND POTTERY ARTICLES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 271,088, dated January 23, 1883. Application filed December 2, 1882. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, JOHN LYNCH, a citi zen of the United States, residing at Portland, in the county of Cumberland and State of Maine, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Tile, Architectural Terra- Gotta Work, and Pottery Articles; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full,clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters or figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specifica tion.

Figure l is a view in perspective of a tile. Fig. 2 is a sectional view.

This invention relates to improvements in tile, architectural terra-eotta work, and pottery articles and thelike; and the noveltyconsists in making them with a glazed or close face on one side, while the other side is porous, all

,aswill now be fully explained.

1n the drawings, A denotes a tile in whic the face or one side, I), is glazed or made close or imperforate, and the back or reverse side 0 is open or porous. The face or close part may be as thin as desired. The solid face on a porous body can be made by taking a mixture of clay with sawdust, coal-dust, or any other vegetable matter that will burn out, and facing it with clay unmixed with such material, the two being tempered as nearly alike as is practicable. The whole body is then burned in the same way as solid terracotta. That portion of the clay mixed with sawdust, &c., will,on burning, become porous, while the unmixed clay will present a solid surface. A glazed surface may be obtained by applying the glaze after drying to the solid surface.

. The solid facing and glazing may also be put on after burning the porous body sufficiently to consume the vegetable mixture; but I do not confine myself to these particular processes or methods, as the result can be attained in many other ways. The solid facing may be put upon the porous body by machinery adapted to the purpose.

I have found tile made in this way equally durable with the solid tile or tile having the same density throughout, and to answer in all particulars the uses and purposes of such, while the porous back renders my tile quite light, and consequently more cheaply trans ported and more easily handled.

Some of the many advantages of making tile in this way are that it can be burned in large fires without warping or cracking; when in use it will not break when hot if water is thrown upon 'it; is light for partition-walls; can be used for flooring. It may be observed that nails can be driven into the porous part without damaging it; also, that plastering can be directly apptied to the porous surface. It is a non-conductor, and consequently will stand much gleater heat than solid-burned clay. Its use has heretofore been restricted in architectural work for the reason that it could not be exposed to the weather, the absorption of water and the action of frost tending to destroy it. It could not be successfully used for fire-brick, being soft and liable to clog with clinkers. By making a thin solid face it can be used for-outside work in architecture, having all the advantage of the porous body with a lace which can be glazed. Bath-tubs can also be successfully made in this way, the .solid face being glazed to hold the water, while the body can be nailed to like wood. Itis well adapted to the manufacture of gas and other ing their weight. For stove and furnace linings it has the same advantage, and the solid surface can be glazed to prevent cliukers from adhering. Locomotive-blocks can be very successfully made of it. The invention is, in tine, generally applicable to nearly all articles made of terra-cotta orpotters clay, whether the same are flat, rounded, or hollow-such as architectural ornaments, pipes, vessels, or boxes.

Having thus described my invention, what Iconsider new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. A tile of terracotta, clay, or any like material, made with a close face and a porous back, substantially as set forth.

2. Pottery articles having one side close or imperforate and the reverse porous, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JOHN LYNCH.

Witnesses:

CHARLES P. WEBSTER, GEORGE T. COOK.

retorts, increasing their durability and reduc- 

